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Staying Legal and
Respecting Others
Unlike other European countries,
including Scotland,
there is only an explicit
legal right to access water in some English and Welsh rivers and lakes.
In
other places swimming rights are customary and based on longstanding
tradition
or established use. These places are often found where public rights of
way,
such as footpaths or common land, meet lake shores, riverbanks, bridges
or fords.
Give anglers a wide berth, especially in the mornings and
evening when fishing is most popular. In salmon rivers try not to
trample on
spawning gravels, particularly in autumn when eggs are buried. Remember
that
fishermen pay for their sport and are an important ally in ensuring
rivers are
kept clean and pollution free. You’ll see an increasing number of
no-swimming
signs in popular bathing places. Some of these are posted by fishing
clubs keen
to scare swimmers away. Others are posted by local councils, the
Environment
Agency and other management bodies who, since the 1984 Occupiers,
Liability
Act, are at danger of litigation should you have an accident in their
waters
and decide to sue. Corporate lawyers now advise management agencies
that,
unless permanent lifeguards are provided at every river and lake in the
country, they must forbid all swimming and fence off all waters.
Thankfully a
2003 ruling by the Law Lords looks set to reverse this crazy policy but
you’ll
still see plenty of no-swimming signs. You should understand that
landowners
are primarily nervous of your legal actions and these signs are their
first
line of defence. If you are asked to leave a private river by the river
owner
or their agent, do so politely. Despite misconception, trespassers
cannot be
prosecuted and the police can only be called in certain circumstances:
when
there are more than six vehicles on the land, when damage has been done
or when
abusive language has been used. If you have doubts as to who is
confronting you
it is permissible to ask for proof of identity or authority. If you are
on a
footpath you cannot be asked to move on. You can, however, be asked to
leave
the water, even if people have swum there for years.
Wild Swimming and
Access Law
In Scotland you can now access all
inland waters if you uphold the Outdoor
Access Code. In England
and Wales
–
particularly in National Parks and on Forestry Commission, Wildlife
Trust and
National Trust land – there is extensive ‘right to roam’ (Countryside
and
Rights of Way Act 2000) that has opened up new lakes and river shores.
However,
there is no automatic right to access the water. You are relying on
customary
rights and the owner’s goodwill. On about four per cent of our
waterways
special arrangements and laws exist to allow public ‘navigation’ (e.g.
swimming
and canoeing) such as on the Thames, Wye, Lugg, Suffolk Stour and
Waveney (see
www.bcu.org.uk and www.ukriversguidebook.co.uk
for a full list). Statute laws
also allow a legal right of passage along any river that is, or was
once,
physically navigable to small boats. The Rivers’ Access Code and
Campaign aims
to bring English and Welsh access rights in line with Scotland
www.riversaccess.org
Douglas Caffryn
We'll be adding some extracts from the Rev Douglas Caffryn's important study of river access law very soon...
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